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“What did you notice?” → End your meetings with this short, powerful question

A sign reading “Area Closed for Plant and Wildlife Protection”.
Photo by Brian Kerr.

The simplest technique I know.

“What did you notice?”

Asking this question is an incredible way to close out a meeting or gathering.

Here’s how it’s done

  1. Pose the question: “What did you notice?”
  2. Invite everyone to share an answer, or pass.
  3. Indicate that you'll answer first and point out who’s next.
  4. Give your answer. (I tend to say something like, “I noticed how everyone contributed in their own way and appreciated learning from each of you.”)
  5. Go around the room. Listen. Offer the kindest attention and warmest eye contact you can muster. If someone needs help, ask, “What did you notice?” or the more advanced form, “What’s one thing you noticed?”
  6. When everyone has had a chance to speak, you’re done.
  7. Close with your thanks.

So, what do people say?

Sometimes people share simple things: appreciations and gratitude. For one another. For time together. For kindness or collaboration that has occurred. People might say they noticed conflict, especially if they can point to a moment where it was identified or resolved.

Then a transition happens. This is the magic trick.

It happens in a group of 5 or a group of 50. I don’t know why, but it does. I’ve done this a hundred times in dozens of different groups and each time I worry it won’t happen. It always does. The transition is:

About halfway through, responses shift away from sensory observations and towards the retrospective. Reflection, decision, statements of purpose.

The question hasn’t changed—“What did you notice?”—but the room has.

Maybe some perspective-taking happens. Or someone reinforces shared purpose, especially where there has been disagreement.

By the end, the answers to “What did you notice?” tend toward summary and action. What's next. What's the opportunity. Noticing consensus or its lack.

The group has started with “what” and moved on to “so what” and then “now what.” All with a single question and the lightest structure.

If you want a little more

There are facilitation methods for doing this with a little more scaffolding.

For example, the Institute of Cultural Affairs’ Focused Conversation method is a facilitated discussion that leads a group through stages from Objective to Reflective to Interpretive to Decisional (ORID). Focused Conversations are lovely too, and I use them often.

A simpler version is the “What/So What/Now What” Liberating Structure.

Simpler still is the “what did you notice?” question.

Try it sometime. It’s so simple, it’s magic.

May 15, 2024: edited for length.

2 ways to get better at guessing

Try out your guesses; write them down.

First way: try out guesses with small, reversible tests

Try out changes on a small scale—involving a few people for a short period of time—and in a way that’s easy to bail on.

Things tried out this way tend to be crappy or prototype-y. Good:

  • Use a piece of paper instead of a fancy app.
  • Make a spreadsheet instead of a report.
  • Draw a table and figures on the wall instead of a spreadsheet.
  • Do it manually today. Automate later.

Small: you need only enough work to figure out if your guess was any good. Don’t dump resources or spend time rushing towards dead ends.

Reversible: work this way to take the sting out of failure. Idea didn’t work? Stop and try the next one.

Test: once you can point to an initial success, gather resources and proceed with something more elaborate.

Second way: a logbook of guesses

Once you start testing your guesses, you’ll find that you make a lot of guesses, and run a lot of little tests. So keep a log. Write down:

  • Your guess,
  • What you thought might happen, and
  • What actually happened.
  • Was your test bigger or smaller than it needed to be?

Practice this and your guesses will improve over time.

Don’t take my word for it—try it in a small, reversible way, and see.

July 16, 2024: edited for length.

Some things (like pancakes) you should finish once you start

Would you rather have five half-cooked pancakes or two good ones?

Do this with me:

  1. Griddle up a pancake on one side.
  2. Do not flip it. Instead, remove from heat and set on a plate.
  3. Immediately start the first half of another pancake.
  4. Continue until you have a stack of five half-cooked pancakes. They should be crispy and fluffy on one side, oozing and dripping raw batter on the other.

Oops. We didn't make a meal—we made a disaster.

The 10x pancake-maker

I’ve met busy, expert-level cooks who spend a great deal of time making only the first sides of pancakes. Everyone is hungry, the food goes to waste, but you gotta see how fast they move. Their bias towards action. Velocity. Look at them: a “flow state.” There is always something cooking, so they must be great at this. And the incredible variety of pancakes their menu offers.

What remarkable flavors their breakfasts must have, if they ever manage to finish a single god damned flapjack.

The best pancake

  1. The best pancake is cooked perfectly, ready for someone to enjoy.
  2. A strongly OK pancake might be a bowl of batter next to a hot griddle.
  3. The very worst is a pancake-in-progress, one that's started cooking, and then a doorbell rings a few rooms away. It’s easily interruptible, delicate, a liability if the mind or body wanders.

Started but not finished

Put on your continuous improvement goggles, go look for work that has been started but not finished. You’ll find it everywhere. Gross. Let it be as much cause for concern as that stack of half-cooked pancakes.

  • Given a pancake-in-progress, you can guess how far along it is. Pour, one side, flip, the other, serve. You can even check the batter and guess how many more you can cook.
  • But given a basket of nuanced, exploratory projects, everyone believes & reports each activity to be 85% complete… but the reality can be obscure. Plus, everybody is too busy starting all these other projects to quite finish any of them.

It’s enough to put you off your breakfast.

August 5, 2024: Edited for length.

Open space technology, principle 1: “Whoever comes is the right people”

Open space technology, principle 1: “Whoever comes is the right people”
Photo by Brian Kerr.

What's the use of a crowd?

"Whoever comes is the right people."

I love the slight awkwardness of this sentence as it describes what happens when people (plural) become a people (singular). A people as a process, not as a shuffling, muttering crowd of individuals.

I can think of only two contexts where I’ve experienced this “peopleing”—

  1. Open space technology. This is a lightly facilitated, carefully organized format for a gathering. Open space is convened on a challenge so puzzling that people are compelled to show up to work and listen. It is the most direct, accessible format for group self-organization I’ve ever encountered: both a chapel and a chainsaw.
  2. The Buddhist sangha, in its various permutations. I keep a mailing list of 75 of us who sat weekly for some years in a frigid room before COVID sent everybody home. Over time, I learned some incidental details (occupation, class, family composition, neighborhood, etc.) about maybe 1 out of 8 of those people. But in terms of the topic at hand—styles of meditation, preferred traditions, favorite teachers, etc.—I still recall where each person was and where they were headed, even though we haven’t met since early 2020. Similarly, I sat on a week-length retreat with 50 people and felt like I came to know them so deeply, and shared something so precious, even though what we shared together was silence. These groups—this sangha—is vital, even though it is transient or ‘incomplete’ in a conventional sense.

We’d all benefit from more spaces where two people, or two hundred, could gather and say—“I don’t know anything about you, and you don’t know anything about me, but we have what we need to get this sorted.”

It is an antidote to the social atomization inhibiting our lives under capital.

And until we get there, it’s a hell of a way to organize a meeting.


Open space technology series:

August 30, 2024: Edited for length.

A lousy time to be a good idea

A lousy time to be a good idea
Photo by Brian Kerr.

In which “we send our hypotheses ahead, an expendable army, and watch them fall.”

In 1992, Oxford English prof Andrew Nuttall wrote the following:

The human capacity to think provisionally, to do thought experiments, to form hypotheses, to imagine what may happen before it happens, is fundamental to our nature and to our spectacular biological success ... The cleverest thing Sir Karl Popper ever said was his remark that our hypotheses ‘die in our stead’. The human race has found a way, if not to abolish, then to defer and diminish the Darwinian treadmill of death. We send our hypotheses ahead, an expendable army, and watch them fall.

That’s the tidiest explanation I’ve seen of our infinite appetites for catastrophe in media and in the imagination.

There’s much to gain from the activity of worrying about responses to some imagined, awful event. Mental rehearsal prepares us. We imagine. We plan. We ruminate. And as the expendable armies fall, over and over, the mind is cluttered. All this automatically, unwillingly, exhaustively.

We might also stop and turn the armies back and inhabit the silence.

(But that’s for another day.)

This is hard

  1. We’re born experts at doing thought experiments automatically, intuitively, and individually.
  2. But we’re terrible at doing thought experiments deliberately, or being able to speak or write about them.
  3. Even worse, we believe we’re equally great at both kinds of thinking.

The bad news

Think of the containers we’re meant to pour our great ideas into:

  • Suggestion boxes where ideas go not merely to die but to be forgotten “even by God.”
  • Big-design-up-front schemes that admit only a single hypothesis. Hope you picked the right idea at the outset of that multiyear effort.
  • Asinine standards for projects like 6x return on investment, which serve only preclude experimentation and prohibit critical thinking.
  • Initiatives where everyone is discouraged by an early failure and gives up, with the cry of: “we tried that and it didn’t work!”

These containers are bad, and you can find them everywhere.

The good news

The good news is: there are better ways of working and deciding, together.

  • Instead of suggestion boxes, create listening systems.
  • Do set-based design and allow for new trade-offs and discoveries without blowing the budget.
  • Validate ideas through rigorous PDSA, with small, reversible changes.
  • Celebrate failure as the thing one can learn from.

All those continuous improvement methods, all the great facilitation approaches, the techniques for self-organization? That’s what they’re for. They’re here, they’re tested, and they’re effective—and they are not easy.

From where I sit, this is the job. Let’s get to it.

October 7, 2024: Edited for length.

How I learned to speak about changes when 19 out of 20 people would rather I shut the hell up

Nobody wants to hear it from the consultant.

Imagine this. A big, important change is happening: reorg, strategic shift, start or stoppage of significant work.

How do folks across the organization want to learn about these changes? Here’s the breakdown from the change management boffins at Prosci:

  • 73% of people surveyed want to hear about the scope and importance of big changes from their executive leadership.
  • 67% want to hear about the impact of changes from their direct supervisor.
  • And only 4% want to hear ANYTHING from the change management team (hey, that’s me!).

When I first saw this data, my reaction to that 4% figure was a big old “eep” as I thought back to the times I’d communicated change messages myself. Although it wasn’t something I did often, it was clearly something I should do… never.

Instead, it was time to get good at creating space for the right people to send the right messages. To learn how they talk and give them their talking points. To schedule the sessions, invite the people, buy the food, and get the heck out of the way. This is where I learned the importance of visible, participatory, energetic sponsorship for change efforts. Sponsors need to show up, over and over, and speak to the change and why it’s happening now.

This is one of a million (approx) things I’ve learned from Prosci, the outfit behind the figures I mentioned above. Prosci researches change management, then pours what they learn directly into a container of excellent, thoughtful change management tools + methods.

I now believe that, in the same way that every project can be a lean project, every project can be a change management project. None too big, none too small. Maybe the strategy is simple, but it’s still worth thinking it through.

And if you ever find a project where the sponsor won’t speak up, RUN! Life’s too short to try to talk one’s way out of that dismal 4% figure.

TL;DR:

  • Communications about big changes should come from the right people:
  • Those in exec/leadership roles…
  • …And the managers of everybody affected by the change.
  • Prosci has super great methods to help.
  • Don’t waste time on projects without active sponsorship.